Zo Mi tanglai biakna

Tanglai ipupa ten nopni a hizongin dahni a hizongin biakding pasian nazong kawikawi uh hi. a zonzon uh hangin biakpiak ding kician na mulo uh aa, a kitak huai a luahuai na te leh a lamdang na te nabia masa uhhi. banghangin hihbangin nabia uh hiam? cihciangin agentheih adamloh hun uhciangin a belhding uh Siavua leh alungkham sinkham hun ciangun akoh dinguh pasian kisam a hih man in, a kitaak uh Dawi leh kau te a nabia uh a hihi.

Tua Dawi leh kau a theihma un Singkung lian lamdang a sak te a hih kei leh suangtum lian pipi te nabia uh hi. Hih Dawi leh kau te a biak na hang uh pen Dawi leh kau ten ihkha naman leh hong cinasakthei hi cih upna nei (ngaihsun uh a hih man un) a cinat loh nadingin dawi leh kau te, a mai et( lungkim sak) na un nabia uh a hihi. Tua Dawi leh kau te zong aomna uh kibangsak lo uh aa, tual dawi, behdawi,khuasung dawi, mualdawi, gundawi etc cihbangin a tuamtuam na nei uh hi.

makai siam ihcih in

Zo Galkap ding a hizongin Zomi adingin panpih cihna thu a kua mapeuh in kilunggulh ciat hi mah tase leh kipat sawmlo/ semlo in a gen bektawh a kinitum hi gige a hihlam kician mahmah ta cihding hi.  Ngaihsunsun taktak leng mikhut aa, gulman nuam bektawh ih kibatlam zong kitel huai mahmah ta hi.

Zomi sungah hong makaih zoding leh makai siam ih omloh man hiam? a hih kei leh nungzui isiam loh man hiam? cih zong ihngaihsut ding kisam mamah ta hi.Thu leh la tuamtuam hongpiang zawh ciangin Dawi nupi nu bangin Mantaa khalgah ka nek man hiam? Nahtaang Tolawk ka nek man hiam? ih cihcih khakding pen a luaihuai mahmah thukhat hi. tua a hihman in Zomi a kua mapeuh in ihngaihsut ding hun mahmah ta hi.

Minam Itna pen Ciamnuaih bawldingin zong hoihlo thukhat hi aa, ih lungsim leh ih ngaihsut na takpi teng mahtawh Minam a dingin gelna nei-in leh veiding kisam masa penpen hi tua ih gelna te pen, ih Zogam leh Zimi te ih veina leh ib itna a hihman in, ih ngaihsut ding khat ah a tangtung theibaih thu leh a piangthei baih ding thu om aa, sepmasak/ masuan masak ding leh buaipih masak ding thu om hi. 

tua a hihman in bang buaipih masak ding aa, bang sepmasak/ masuan masak huai hiam? cih Zomi ten ih ngaihsut masak pending kisam hi. tua hilo in ihdeih teng leh ih ngaihsut teng genden mawk lengla sem keileng ihsep hunding omngei lo ding in, hongki taisan dending hi tuhun buangin ihpil ihcim ding leh ih tei ding kisam mahmah ta hi.

tua a hih man in bangbang hita se leh ih minam ih ih leh ih zunnop leh ih makai te hong makiahna te hoihsa in zui photphot tek lengla, ih omna mun/gam/khua ciatah kipum khat na leh kipawl siamna neih limlim leng Zomi a kici khempeuh ihma hongpai ding hi ih makai ten zong hong makiah na leh hongvan na te ah nakpi nuam tuam mahmah ding hi. tua hilo in ekteh bangin eitum tektawh ihphun ihciakciak aa leh cikmah hunin ihngimna/ ih ngaihsutna hongtung ngeilo ding aa, Mi tesal in ih omkhading hiMinam min leh Pau leh ham te hongbei ding aa, tuahuan ciangin Mi mangthang te hong kic lelding hi. tua a hihman in Mi te sal/ Mi nam mangthang ih hihloh na dingin kiPawl khop saim ding kisam mahmah hi.ih makai te nung zuihsiam photphot ding kisam hi. Zomi te pumkhat ihsuah matengin Zogam/ Zomi ihzun zo ngeikei ding hi.

Tua a hihman in a gamgam aa kipawlna a khuakhua aa kipawl na kipawlna khempeuh tengin munkhat ah kigawmkhawm in pumkhat bangin kipawlkhawm theileng kuamah in hongnawk zo ngei lo in, nasep nop tampi kisem zo pan ding hi.

tuaban ah ih makai ten vaikhempeuh hong vaihawm na ah zong nasepna nuamtuam mahmah ding aa, en a nung ih zuihna ah Sawlmang tak in huhkawm in ihzuih aa leh ihmakai te nasep nazong hong tangzai tektek ding hi.

tulai tak bang Zomi khempeuh hong makiah ding aa, ih muan mahmah a hi G.Z.A te bangtawh kipawl na kici khempeuh kigawmkhawm theileng bangzah ta in hoihding a hiam? tuabangin G.Z.A  ah kipawlkhawm zo hileng ihmakai ten zong hong makiahna te ah tha hongngah tuam mahmah ding aa, Nasep ding hoih nono te zong sepnop na tha Mipi tungpan in thangah na hong neiding uh hi. Makai te thahan/thangah  na pen Nungzui te tungah om aa, Nungzui te tahat/ thangah na pen Makai tetung om kinga hi.tua a hihman in makai ih hizaongin nungzui ihhi zongin tha kipiakding kisam hi. tua hi leh kipawlna sungah zong picin na leh khantoh na/ lawhcin na kingah pan hi Mi namdang te nuaiah ih ut kei leh Ei tawh kinai penpen Zomi kipawlna sungkhat ah kihelding leh kitha piakding kisam mahmah hi.tua kipawlna sungah Zomi a dingin nalung gulh leh natup/ nangimna te genkhia inla, nangcih hong mangkei phial zongin khasia sese ken khasiat na in nungzuih siam loh na bulpi hi aa, Thangpaih thuhsawm na in Makai siamlona bulpi a hihi. nasep nabawl na khempeuh ah a tamzaw thukim na mah kipsak hamtaang zaw inla lungkim sawm in tua hileh Zogam Zomi Makai khat a dingin makai siam ih hiding aa, Nungzui mi khat dingin Nungzuihsiam ih ding hi. Zogam leh Zomi a dingin a kisam penpen in Makai siamna  leh Nungzuih siamna a hihi.

Vumson CHAPTER 2

ROOTS OF ZO

In the absence of written documents, and because the Zo had lim- ited contact with neighbouring peoples, it is extremely difficult to trace Zo history. However, through historical linguistics, archeo- logical findings, and ethnic relationships, it is now accepted that Zo belong to the group of people identified as Tibeto-Burmans.

The oral genealogy of Zo claims that a man named Zo was the originator of all Zo people. The genealogy however does not record time or locations, and may names must have been forgotten. The genealogy may also contain only information about those who were powerful, with those less successful being omitted. Estimates based on oral history account for approximately twenty seven genera- tions of Zo people. Assuming a generation to last twenty-five years. Zo people have been in existence for only about seven hundred years. Therefore genealogy as the Zo recall it cannot be wholly depended upon as a source of information. A written genealogy, the “Genealogy of the Zo Race,” was compiled by Khupzathang of Buanman. in 1974. The written versionhowever was based on in- formation from only parts of Zoram, and thus neither the written genealogy nor legned reveal the true origins of the Zo people. (See Table 1)

Origins in China

Vumson CHAPTER I

CHAPTER I

 Introduction to Zo People 

THE GENERIC NAME “ZO”

The term Zo or Jo was mentioned as the name of a people in a few historical publications of the Indo-Burman peoples. Fan- ch’o” a diplomat of the Tang dynasty of China, mentioned in 862 A.D. a kingdom in the Chindwin valley, whose princes and chiefs were called “Zo”. In 1783 Father Sangermo’’ mentioned “the petty na- tion called JO.- G. A. Grierson” recorded in 1904 “The name is not used by the tribes themselves, who used titles such as ZO or YO or SHO.”

However, because of the Zo people’ frequent contacts with many different people at their borders the available literature is often confused about which people should be designated as ZO or other names. When the British took possession of Bengal and had their contact with Zo people, the Bengalis told them that the Zo were Kuki, a Bengali word which means something like savage or wild hill people. But when the British came in close contact with the Lusei, they realized that they did not call themselves Kuki. Ini- tially the British used the term “Loosye”. However, the British later adopted “LUSHAl” as the official designation for Zo people liv- ing in the western part of the Zo country, as the ruling clans of these people were known to them as “Lushai”.

Hans Christian Andersen ရဲ့ အေၾကာင္း

Hans Christian Andersen ကို ၁၈ဝ၅ ဧျပီလ ၂ ရက္ေန႔ ဒိန္းမတ္ႏိုင္ငံက ဆင္းရဲသား မိသားစုမွ ဖြားျမင္ခဲ့တယ္။ ဖခင္က ဖိနပ္ျပင္ဆရာျဖစ္ျပီး ၁၈၁၆မွာ ကြယ္လြန္သြားခဲ့တယ္။ ဖခင္ကြယ္လြန္ျပီးေနာက္ အဝတ္ေလွ်ာ္သမားျဖစ္တဲ့မိခင္ ေနာက္အိမ္ေထာင္ျပဳလိုက္တယ္။ Andersen ငယ္စဥ္အခါက ဆင္းရဲလြန္းတဲ့အတြက္ ပညာေကာင္းေကာင္း မသင္ခဲ့ရဘူး။ ဒါေပမယ့္ သူဟာ ဇာတ္သဘင္ အႏုပညာကို အရမ္းစိတ္ဝင္စားခဲ့တယ္။ သူ႔ကိုယ္သူ အဆိုေတာ္၊ သရုပ္ေဆာင္ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ျပဇာတ္ေရးသူတစ္ဦးအျဖစ္ အျမဲ စိတ္ကူးယဥ္ခဲ့တယ္။

၁၈၁၉ ခုႏွစ္မွာ Andersen ဟာ Royal Danish Theatre မွာ အရံတစ္ဦးအျဖစ္ စတင္သရုပ္ေဆာင္ခဲ့ေပမယ့္ အသံမေအာင္တဲ့အတြက္ အလုပ္ထုတ္ခံခဲ့ရတယ္။ အဲဒီအခ်ိန္က စျပီး Andersen ဟာ စာေတြကို စေရးခဲ့တယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ သူေရးတဲ့ စာေတြက ျပဇာတ္မွာ အသံုးမတည့္ခဲ့ဘူး။ ၁၈၂၂ ခုႏွစ္မွာ ျပဇာတ္ဒါရိုက္တာ Jonas Collin ရဲ႕ အကူအညီနဲ႔ (grammar school in Slagelse)မွာ ေက်ာင္းတက္ခြင့္ရခဲ့တယ္။ အဲဒီေနာက္ ၁၈၂၉ ခုႏွစ္မွာ Copenhagen တကၠသိုလ္မွာ ပညာဆက္သင္ခြင့္ ရခဲ့တယ္။ သူ႔ရဲက ပထမဦးဆံုး စာအုပ္ျဖစ္တဲ့ "A Journey on Foot from Holmen's Canal to the East Point of Amager" ကိုလည္း ၁၈၂၉ ခုႏွစ္မွာ ျဖန္႔ေဝခဲ့တယ္။ ဒီစာအုပ္ေၾကာင့္ပဲ လူေတြက Andersen ကို အသိအမွတ္ျပဳခဲ့ၾကတယ္။

ယံုၾကည္မွဳ

ယံုၾကည္မွဳ

မိတ္ေဆြသူငယ္ခ်င္းမ်ားက "ယံုၾကည္မွဳ" နဲ႕ပတ္သက္ျပီး ကြ်န္ေတာ့္အျမင္ကို ေမးခဲ့ဖူး ပါတယ္ ၊၊ ဒီေမးခြန္းရဲ႕

တိုက္ရုိက္တုန္႕ျပန္မွဳ အေျဖကိုကြ်န္ေတာ္မသိပါဘူး ၊၊ ဒီ စာလံုးရဲ႕ အဓိပၸါယ္ကို အဘိဓာန္စာအုပ္ေတြမွာလည္း 

ကြ်န္ေတာ္သြားရွာဖို႕မၾကိဳးစားခဲ့ပါဘူး၊၊ "ယံုၾကည္မွဳ" ဟာပုဂၢိဳလ္ေရးရာနဲ႕သာ သက္ဆိုင္ျပီး အဘိဓာန္စာအုပ္

ေတြက ျပီးျပည့္စံုတဲ့အဓိပၸါယ္ကို ဖြင့္ဆိုေပးႏိုင္မွာမဟုတ္ဘူးလို႕စိတ္ထဲ ခံစားမိလို႕ပါ၊၊ စိတၱဇနာမ္တစ္ခုလိုေပါ့ ၊၊ 

ကြ်န္ေတာ့္အတြက္ေတာ့ "ယံုၾကည္မွဳ" ဟာ လစ္ဟာေနတဲ့ေနရာလပ္ေတြကိုျဖည့္စြက္ေပးတဲ့အရာတစ္ခုလိုပါပဲ၊၊

စၾက၀႒ာၾကီးရဲ႕ ႏိုးၾကားေစခိုင္းျခင္းနဲ႕ထိေတြ႕လွဳံ႕ေဆာ္ျခင္းတစ္ခုပါပဲ၊၊ နားလည္သေဘာေပါက္ေစျခင္းသာမက

ခံစားမွဳအရာေတြကိုလည္း သူကေပးစြမ္းပါတယ္၊၊ ေဆြမ်ဳိးအေပါင္းအေဖာ္မ်ားစြာ ၊သူငယ္ခ်င္းေပါင္းေျမာက္ျမား

စြာ ရွိေနလင့္ကစား၊ အထီးက်န္ဆန္မွဳ ေတြေ၀မွဳေတြဟာ နက္ရွဳိင္းတဲ့ေနရာတစ္ခုမွာ အျမဲရွင္သန္ တည္ရွိေန

တတ္ ပါတယ္၊၊ "ယံုၾကည္မွဳ" ဟာ ထိုအရာေတြအားလံုးကို အေ၀းသို႕ဖယ္ရွားေပးပါတယ္၊၊ 

Nungzui siam leh makai siam

Nungzui siam leh Makai siam

Zo Galkap ding a hizongin Zomi adingin panpih cihna thu a kua mapeuh in kilunggulh ciat hi mah tase leh kipat sawmlo/ semlo in a gen bektawh a ki nitum hi gige a hihlam kician mahmah ta cihding hi.  Ngaihsunsun taktak leng mikhut aa, gulman nuam bektawh ih kibatlam zong kitel huai mahmah ta hi.

Tuaban ah ih mipih ading cih thadah ei ma pumpi mahmah zong kikhual lo in, ih omciangin ih Minam khantoh nading pen nak gamla mahmah hi. hibangin ih om tohtoh leh tuzawh asawt lo in Midang te sal in ih omding hi. Minam leh Ihgam vai pen ei mimal mahmah a dingin zong a kisam mahmah khat thu hi aa,   Zomi sungah kipawlkhop theihding pen a kisam masa penpen khat a hihi. Mimal in nasep na pen Ih tangtun ding hak sa aa, gualzawh na hongtun ngeilo hi. kipawlkhop siamna in leitung ah a kisampenpen Nutak siam na hi aa, sal hihna hong tun ngei lo hi. Ih kipawlsiam loh na hangin sal in ki omkha zaw hi.

Tua a hih manin kipawl siam na leh Nung zui hoih leh makai hoih ih hihzawh ding pen Ei Zomi te sungah akisam mahmah  khat ahihi. Ih Mipih IhGam Ihlei Ihphawk aa, Ih ngaih leh Kipawlkhop siamsawm in Nungzuih zong Ih siam sawm ding kisam mahmah hi Tua hikei leh Mi sal in Ih omkhak ding lua huai mahmah hi.